BIOLOGY -Gk notes

Daily requirement of Vitamins for 13-14 years old boys and girls and their sources

Vitamin


Daily requirement/uses


Sources


Deficiency diseases

Vitamin A (Retinol)-
600 ųg-Excess Growth-stop mensuration
Green leafy vegetables, carrot, fish liver oil, liver
Night blindness.(Nyctalopia) SlkinDryness,
Xerophthalmia

Vitamin Bı(thiamine
1.2 mg (boys) 1.0 mg(girls)
Nerve Regulation
Milk, seafood, soyabean, whole cereals, green vegetables
Beriberi,Mascular weakness, swelling of heart

Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
1.6. mg (boys)1.4 mg(girls)
Maintenance of MuscousMembrane
Milk, peas, beans, yeast, meat, egg, green leafy vegetables
SkinLesions- Mouth Ulcer

vitamin B3(niacin)-16 mg(boys) 14 mg (girls)
Oxidative Metabolism of cells Meat, fish, fowl, potato, wholegrain, tomato, groundnut, green vegetables.
Pellagra
Folic acid-B6 Pyridoxine 50-100 mg
Green leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses
Skin Disorder, kidney stones
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
0.2-1.0 ųg
FormationofRBCFunction for nervous system
Meat, liver, milk
Aneamia

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)-
40 mg
Resists infection Citrus fruits, especially amla, lime, lime, lemon, orange, gooseberry, guava Scurvy, Loss of appetitie, delayed healing

Vitamin D (calciferol)-200 IU
Formation of bones and teethin children,CA,P
Milk, Fish, liver oil, egg (on exposure to sunlight, the body also synthesizes vit.D
Rickets and Weak Bones
Adults-Osteomalacia

Vitamin E(tocopherol)-Assist Cell Development
Green leafy vegetables, milk, butter, tomato
Sterility,Muscular Weakness

Vitamin K-Helps clotting of Blood- produces prothrombine
(Vit.K is also synthesized in the body) it is necessary for blood coagulation)


Haemorrhage
HUMAN DISEASES

1.Communicable infectious diseases:

These are caused by the attack of micro organisms (Pathogens) such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoans. Transmitted from one person to another by means of air, water, food, physical contact and insects.

2.Non-Communicable (Non-Infectious) Diseases:Do not spread – Due to nutritional deficiencysuch as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, etc.

3.COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Disease
Virus
Symptoms



1.Malaria


Protozoan parasite Plaswmodium. Bite of an insect vector female anopheles


Headache, nausea, muscular pains and high fever

2.Influenza (Flu)


Myxovirus influenzae


Sneezing, coughing, fever etc.

3.Jaundice


Hepatitis


High temperature, headache and joint pains

4.Rabies (Hydrophobia)


Rabies virus


Severe headache, high fever and painful contraction of muscles of throat and chest.

5.Aids


Retrovirus-HIV


Swollen lymph nodes, Haemorrhage, fever, sweating at night, weight loss and severe damagte to brain which may lead to loss of memory, ability to speak and even think.

6.Tuberculosis


Mycobacterium tuberculosis


Lung (Pulmonary) T.B.:

Persistent cough and produces blood-stained sputum. Loss of weight, weakness, Chest pain and breathlessness

Lymph Gland T.B: Swelling and tenderness of lymph glands.

7.Cholera


Bacterium Vibrio cholerae


Watery diarrhoea, effortless vomiting and Eyes become shunken.

8.Typhoid


Bacteria Salmonella typhi


Headache and typhoid fever which rise to the maximum in the afternoon.

9.Diarrhoea


Protozoa and viruses


Frequent loose motions and vomiting. Eyes appear sunken, nose is pinched, tongue and inner side of the cheeks appear dry and weak pulse.

10.Anthrax


Bacillus anthracis


Cutaneous(skin), inhalation anhjd gastrointestinal.

4.NUTRITIONAL DISODERS

Disease then
Deficiency

1.Marasmus


Proteins and total food calories.

2.Kwashiorkor


Severe protein deficiency.

3.Anaemia


Iron

4.Goitre


Iodine

5.Xerophthalmia


Vitamin A

6.Rickets


Vitamin-D

7.Beri-Beri


Vitamin-B

8.Pellagra


Vitamin B

9.Scurvy


Vitamin-C